Background The efficient intraoperative identification of tumors requires the development of
highly specific near-infrared (NIR) probes as contrast agents. One of the most effective dyes …

In recent years, extensive efforts have been made in developing near-infrared optical
techniques to be used in detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Variations in optical …

Molecular imaging is advantageous for screening diseases such as breast cancer by
providing precise spatial information on disease-associated biomarkers, something neither …

Multi-wavelength Near-Infrared (NIR) Tomography was utilized in this study to non-
invasively quantify physiological parameters of breast tumors using direct spectral …

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) utilizes intrinsic optical absorption signals of blood,
water, and lipid concentration available in the NIR window (600–1000 nm) as well as a …

Introduction Use of fluorescence imaging in oncology is evolving rapidly, and nontargeted
fluorochromes are currently being investigated for clinical application. Here, we investigated …

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among the population of the Western
world. Diagnostic methods include mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance; …

To develop an indocyanine green (ICG) tracer with slower clearance kinetics, we explored
ICG-encapsulating liposomes (Lip) in three different formulations: untargeted (Lip/ICG) …

Fluorescence pharmacokinetic rates in tissues can provide additional specific and
quantitative physiological and pathological information for evaluating organ function. This …

Introduction Characterizing and differentiating between malignant tumors, benign tumors,
and normal breast tissue is increasingly important in the patient presenting with breast …