RNA viruses are characterized by high mutation and recombination rates, which allow a
rapid adaptation to new environments. Most of the emerging diseases and host jumps are …

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the major economically important poultry diseases
distributed worldwide. It is caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and affects both …

Despite the fact that vaccine resistance has been typically considered a rare phenomenon,
some episodes of vaccine failure have been reported with increasing frequency in …

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a worldwide disease affecting chickens of all ages and causing
important economic losses in poultry industry. Despite being one of the predominant IB virus …

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a gamma coronavirus that causes a highly contagious
disease in chickens. The virus can affect the upper respiratory tract and the reproductive …

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the foremost causes of economic loss within the
poultry industry. IBV is a commonly occurring, economically significant pathogen of …

Infectious bronchitis is a highly infectious disease of the domestic chicken of all ages and
type, affecting the respiratory, renal and reproductive systems. Secondary bacterial …

We examined 884 wild birds mainly from the Anseriformes, Charadriiformes and Galliformes
orders for infectious bronchitis (IBV)-like coronavirus in Poland between 2008 and 2011 …

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an enveloped and positive-sense single-stranded RNA
virus. IBV was the first coronavirus to be discovered and predominantly causes respiratory …

In the early 1930s, infectious bronchitis (IB) was first characterized as a respiratory disease
in young chickens; later, the disease was also described in older chickens. The etiology of IB …