Associations between COVID-19 infection and sex steroid hormones

Z Cai, J Zhong, Y Jiang, J Zhang - Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022 - frontiersin.org
Aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and within a few months of the first …

Sex-derived attributes contributing to SARS-CoV-2 mortality

N Chanana, T Palmo, K Sharma… - American Journal …, 2020 - journals.physiology.org
Epidemiological data in COVID-19 mortality indicate that men are more prone to die of
SARS-CoV-2 infection than women, but biological causes for this sexual dimorphism are …

Higher mortality of COVID-19 in males: sex differences in immune response and cardiovascular comorbidities

LA Bienvenu, J Noonan, X Wang… - Cardiovascular …, 2020 - academic.oup.com
The high mortality rate of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
infection is a critical concern of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic …

Testosterone deficiency is a risk factor for severe COVID-19

L Lanser, FR Burkert, L Thommes, A Egger… - Frontiers in …, 2021 - frontiersin.org
Background Male sex is related to increased COVID-19 severity and fatality although
confirmed infections are similarly distributed between men and women. The aim of this …

The physiological mechanisms of the sex-based difference in outcomes of COVID19 infection

S Wray, S Arrowsmith - Frontiers in Physiology, 2021 - frontiersin.org
The scale of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has thrust a spotlight on the sex-based differences
in response to viral diseases; morbidity and mortality are greater in men than women. We …

COVID-19 complications in males and females: recent developments

R Chaturvedi, B Lui, JA Aaronson… - Journal of …, 2022 - becarispublishing.com
Aim: To provide a comprehensive understanding of the varying effects of SARS-CoV-2
infection based on sex. Methods: A PubMed search of 470 primary articles was performed …

Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe

C Gebhard, V Regitz-Zagrosek, HK Neuhauser… - Biology of sex …, 2020 - Springer
Abstract Background Emerging evidence from China suggests that coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) is deadlier for infected men than women with a 2.8% fatality rate being …

COVID-19 and sex differences: mechanisms and biomarkers

T Haitao, JV Vermunt, J Abeykoon, R Ghamrawi… - Mayo Clinic …, 2020 - Elsevier
Men are consistently overrepresented in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) infection, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severe outcomes …

[HTML][HTML] The sex and gender dimensions of COVID-19: A narrative review of the potential underlying factors

JT Mourosi, S Anwar, MJ Hosen - Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2022 - Elsevier
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the male sex is a significant risk factor for severe
disease and mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the precise …

Gender susceptibility to COVID-19: a review of the putative role of sex hormones and X chromosome

C Foresta, MS Rocca, A Di Nisio - Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2021 - Springer
Background The recent emergence of COVID-19 poses a global health emergency. One of
the most frequently reported data is sex-related severity and mortality: according to the last …