Both midazolam, a benzodiazepine γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonist, and
clonidine, an α 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, induce spinally-mediated analgesia. We …

Background The purpose of the study was to investigate spinal sensory and motor block by
antiparkinsonian drugs (pramipexole and selegiline), and the combination of pramipexole …

The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the local anesthetic effect of rimantadine in
spinal anesthesia. Rimantadine in a dose-dependent fashion was constructed after …

Dextromethorphan has been used as an antitussive for more than 40 years and is
considered a drug with a good margin of safety. The aim of the study was to evaluate …

Background: The occurrence of motor impairment after intrathecal drug administration is
infrequently reported in the literature and the methods of determining motor function vary …

Background mu-Opioids administered spinally produce a potent, dose-dependent analgesic
response in preclinical and clinical investigations. Side-effect profile of these compounds …

Tri-cyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been widely used in treating major depressive
disorders. Recent studies further demonstrated that TCAs have potent sodium channel …

Background Moxonidine, a novel imidazoline-alpha2-adrenergic receptor-selective
analgesic, was recently identified as antinociceptive but has yet to be evaluated in …

Background Spinal anesthesia, as an effective approach, is widely performed in various
surgeries with possible complications. To reduce the side effects, many adjuvants are used …

Spinal anesthesia has evolved into a safe and widely accepted method of anesthesia.
Synergy between opioids and local anesthetics further increases the quality of analgesia …