A rich fossil record chronicles the distant origins of mammals, but the evolution of defining
soft tissue characters of extant mammals, such as mammary glands and hairs is difficult to …

The attachments of jaw muscles are typically implicated in the evolution and shape of the
dorsotemporal fenestra on the skull roof of amniotes. However, the dorsotemporal fenestrae …

Mammals are diagnosed by more than 30 osteological characters (eg squamosal-dentary
jaw joint, three inner ear ossicles, etc.) that are readily preserved in the fossil record …

Jaw muscles are key components of the head and critical to testing hypotheses of soft‐tissue
homology, skull function, and evolution. Dinosaurs evolved an extraordinary diversity of …

Background The vertebrate head is a highly derived trait with a heavy concentration of
sophisticated sensory organs that allow complex behaviour in this lineage. The head …

Jaw muscles are key features of the vertebrate feeding apparatus. The jaw musculature is
housed in the skull whose morphology reflects a compromise between multiple functions …

Primates have historically been viewed as having a diminished sense of smell compared to
other mammals. In haplorhines, olfactory reduction has been inferred partly based on the …

The basal non-mammaliaform cynodonts from the late Permian (Lopingian) and Early
Triassic are a major source of information for the understanding of the evolutionary origin of …

Herbivorous dinosaurs exhibited diverse cranial feeding mechanisms. Although
osteological, microwear, and biomechanical research has revealed some of this diversity …

Paleontology affords a special signal on evolution of neurosensory systems because many
parts of that system require rigid skeletal armatures to function properly. This relationship is …