The acute stress response includes activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA)
axis, which leads to the release of cortisol, a glucocorticoid. Through negative feedback …

The majority of studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) demonstrate alterations
consistent with an enhanced negative feedback inhibition of cortisol on the pituitary and an …

Dysregulation of the stress system, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis
and the locus caeruleus/norepinephrine–sympathetic nervous system (SNS), is involved in …

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a severe, debilitating mental disorder with multiple
symptoms that span biological systems and present with medical comorbidities. This …

Most biological findings in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are compatible with those of
the chronic stress response, such as increased corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) …

This study sought to characterize the variability of the acute cortisol response following
trauma and its relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Forty eight participants …

This chapter discussed how neuroendocrine findings in posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) potentially inform hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) alterations in PTSD and …

BACKGROUND: Studies of cortisol in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have yielded
mixed results. We hypothesize that personality traits and traumatic experiences could be the …

Context: Several authors have reported the unsuspected finding of low cortisol levels
(urinary, salivary, and serum) in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) …

Preclinical studies show that animals with a history of chronic stress exposure have
increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity following reexposure to …