In more than 4 Ga of geological evolution, the Earth has twice gone through extreme climatic
perturbations, when extensive glaciations occurred, together with alternating warm periods …

The half a billion of years claimed by the Neoproterozoic Era and Cambrian Period marks a
great turning point in the history of Earth, beginning with a low diversity and low-P O 2 ocean …

The Neoproterozoic contains severe glacial intervals (750–580 Ma) including two extending
to low palaeomagnetic latitudes. Paucity of radiometric dates indicates the need for …

Climate is an important environmental parameter of the early Earth, likely to have affected
the origin and evolution of life, the composition and mineralogy of sedimentary rocks, and …

A central tenet of the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth hypothesis is that glaciations ended
synchronously. Although this condition is borne out by U-Pb and Re-Os geochronology, the …

The earth system experienced a series of fundamental upheavals throughout the Archean-
Paleoproterozoic transition (ca. 2500-2000 Ma). Most important were the establishment of …

The oxygen content of the Earth's surface environment is thought to have increased in two
broad steps: the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) around the Archean–Proterozoic boundary …

Establishing how tectonic plates have moved since deep time is essential for understanding
how Earth's geodynamic system has evolved and operates, thus answering longstanding …

An enigmatic stepwise increase in oxygen in the late Precambrian is widely considered a
prerequisite for the expansion of animal life. Accumulation of oxygen requires organic matter …

This textbook on the Cretaceous, an extreme period in Earth history, explores the
interactions between the physical, chemical and biological processes operating within, and …