Summary In 1918, Gordon Holmes combined observations of visual-field scotomas across
brain-lesioned soldiers to produce a schematic map of the projection of the visual field upon …

Increasingly systematic approaches to quantifying receptive fields in primary visual cortex,
combined with inspired ideas about functional circuitry, non-linearities, and visual stimuli …

Abstract Development of the nervous system can be schematically summarized as (1)
making the necessary cells,(2) putting these cells in the right places, and then (3) connecting …

Spontaneous neural activity that is present in the mammalian retina before the onset of
vision is required for the refinement of retinotopy in the lateral geniculate nucleus and …

Complex neural circuits in the mammalian brain develop through a combination of genetic
instruction and activity-dependent refinement. The relative role of these factors and the form …

During development, cortical activity is organized into distributed modular patterns that are a
precursor of the mature columnar functional architecture. Theoretically, such structured …

The functional architecture of mammalian visual cortex has been elucidated in impressive
detail by experimental work of the past 20-25 years. The origin of many of the salient …

Vision develops rapidly during infancy, yet how visual cortex is organized during this period
is unclear. In particular, it is unknown whether functional maps that organize the mature …

Prenatal development of the primary visual cortex leads to simple cells with spatially distinct
and oriented ON and OFF subregions. These simple cells are organized into spatial maps of …

Neural connections in the adult central nervous system are highly precise. In the visual
system, retinal ganglion cells send their axons to target neurons in the lateral geniculate …