Objective Maternal cigarette smoking is reportedly associated with miscarriage, fetal growth
restriction and placental abruption, and is paradoxically associated with a decreased risk of …

Cigarette smoke is known to be a risk for the development of intrauterine growth restriction
(IUGR). Our objective was to assess the effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) during …

Aim: We sought to determine the association between prenatal smoking status and
expression of fetal brain regulatory genes. Methods: At delivery, we collected information …

Smoking in pregnancy increases a woman's risk of preterm delivery resulting in serious
neonatal health problems and chronic lifelong disabilities for the children (eg, mental …

The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal smoke exposure results in fetal lung
growth retardation due to dysregulation in various signaling pathways, including the Wnt …

Objectives Cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, and street drugs contain substances potentially
toxic to the developing embryo. We investigated whether maternal cigarette smoking …

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking by women during pregnancy increases the risk of
congenital birth defects in the infants. Among the smoke products, nicotine is believed to be …

Aims Failure of neural tube closure resulting from excessive apoptosis leads to neural tube
defects (NTDs). NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a critical mediator of cell growth and death, yet …

Neural tube defects (NTD) are a common birth defect, with both genetic and environmental
contributions to their etiology. In mouse, null mutations in Noggin result in fully-penetrant …

Purpose This study aims to examine the association between maternal smoking during
pregnancy and neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring. Methods We retrieved published …