In the central nervous system (CNS), several cell types interact with each other to promote
and protect the homeostatic functions of neuronal cells. Neurons are equipped with the …

Background: Evidence for sex differences in cognition in childhood is established, but less is
known about the underlying neural mechanisms for these differences. Recent findings …

Sex differences in behavior have been reported from infancy through adulthood, but little is
known about sex effects on functional circuitry in early infancy. Moreover, the relationship …

The sex of an individual is likely one of the most important factors defining many endpoints
in our lives including behavior, health, and disease. The processes establishing sex …

Youth (including both childhood and adolescence) is a period when the brain undergoes
dramatic remodeling and is also a time when neuropsychiatric conditions often emerge …

Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when
studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are …

Biological sex is an important determinant of stroke risk and outcome. Women are protected
from cerebrovascular disease relative to men, an observation commonly attributed to the …

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are often characterized as a cluster of
brain-based disabilities. Though cardiovascular effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) …

Sex and gender are associated with human behavior throughout the lifespan and across
health and disease, but whether they are associated with similar or distinct neural …