Because of the degeneracy of the genetic code, multiple codons are translated into the
same amino acid. Despite being “synonymous,” these codons are not equally used …

The fitness effects of classes of DNA mutations can be inferred from patterns of nucleotide
variation. A number of studies have attributed differences in levels of polymorphism and …

Background Evolution of synonymous codon usage is thought to be determined by a
balance between mutation, genetic drift and natural selection on translational efficiency …

Codon bias is the non-random use of synonymous codons, a phenomenon that has been
observed in species as diverse as bacteria, plants and mammals. The preferential use of …

The genetic code was evolved, to some extent, to minimize the effects of mutations. The
effects of mutations depend on the amino acid repertoire, the structure of the genetic code …

It has been suggested that codon volatility (the proportion of the point-mutation neighbors of
a codon that encode different amino acids) can be used as an index of past positive …

Background Synonymous codon usage bias (SCUB) is an inevitable phenomenon in
organismic taxa, generally referring to differences in the occurrence frequency of codons …

Codon usage bias refers to the phenomenon where specific codons are used more often
than other synonymous codons during translation of genes, the extent of which varies within …

The biological phenomenon where some synonymous codons are repeatedly preferred to
others in gene transcripts is called codon usage bias (CUB). The analysis of CUB is not only …

Codon usage bias is the nonrandom use of synonymous codons for the same amino acid.
Most population genetic models of codon usage evolution assume that the population is at …