Background—Epidemiological studies have shown gender differences in the incidence of
congestive heart failure (CHF); however, the role of estrogen in CHF is not known. We …

Background: Gender differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, both clinical
and experimental, led us to evaluate the influence of gender on ventricular remodeling …

Cardiac fibroblasts play an essential role in the physiology of the heart. These produce
extracellular matrix proteins and synthesize angiogenic and cardioprotective factors …

To test whether the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis and injury of
cardiomyocytes after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), we generated a line of transgenic mice that …

BACKGROUND:: Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is believed to occur in hypertension. Isolated
myocyte data from spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF) rats, however, suggest …

Aims Gender difference in cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (IR) induced injury has been
reported in animal models. However, a large-scale clinical trial found an increase in …

Cardiovascular disease is delayed and less common in women than in men. Myocyte death
occurs in heart failure, but only apoptosis has been documented; the role of myocyte …

Gender differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease have been observed both
clinically and experimentally. These cardioprotective effects have frequently been attributed …

Background β-blocker treatmenthas emerged as an effective treatment modality for heart
failure. Interestingly, β-blockers can activate both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptoticpathways …

The hypothesis is that chronic increases in left ventricular (LV) load induce oxidative stress
and latent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is activated, allowing the heart to dilate in the …