Despite significant progress in cardiovascular medicine, myocardial ischemia and infarction,
progressing eventually to the final end point heart failure (HF), remain the leading cause of …

Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Its
complex pathophysiology has not yet been fully elucidated. There is growing evidence that …

Clinical heart failure has been defined for a long time as a clinical syndrome with symptoms
and signs including shortness of breath, cyanosis, ascites, and edema. However, in recent …

Over the past three decades, we have witnessed an improvement of survival in those
patients with the trio of metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus …

Systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction has been demonstrated to be associated with
an activation of the circulating and local renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), and …

Various abnormalities have been implicated in the transition of hypertrophy to heart failure
but the exact mechanism is still unknown. Thus heart failure subsequent to hypertrophy …

FOR MORE THAN A DECADE, oxygen free radicals [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] have
been proposed as contributing to the deterioration of cardiac function in patients with both …

Adverse cardiac remodeling is a fundamental process in the progression to chronic heart
failure. Although the mechanisms underlying cardiac remodeling are multifactorial, a …

There is growing evidence that oxidative stress is increased in myocardial failure and may
contribute to the structural and functional changes that lead to disease progression. The …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released acutely in large amounts have been traditionally
implicated in the cell death associated with myocardial infarction or reperfusion injury. These …