Roots are subjected to a range of abiotic stresses as they forage for water and nutrients.
Cytosolic free calcium is a common second messenger in the signaling of abiotic stress. In …

Calcium is an essential element needed for growth and development of plants under both
non-stressed and stress conditions. It thereby fulfills a dual function, being not only an …

Adverse variations of abiotic environmental cues that deviate from an optimal range impose
stresses to plants. Abiotic stresses severely impede plant physiology and development …

Soil composition largely defines the living conditions of plants and represents one of their
most relevant, dynamic, and complex environmental cues. The effective concentrations of …

Abiotic stresses are various environmental factors that inhibit a normal plant growth and limit
the crop productivity. Plant scientists have been attempting for a long time to understand …

Calcium ions are ubiquitous signal molecules. In plants, a number of external stimuli lead to
changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+] cyt), which in turn regulate a wide …

Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the most abundant cation
in the cytosol. K+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth …

Adaptation to unfavorable abiotic stresses is one of the key processes in the evolution of
plants. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is characterized by the spatiotemporal pattern of Ca2+ …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is an essential macronutrient as well as a second messenger in
diverse biological processes in plants. Plants perceive various stimuli which leads to …

An essential macronutrient for plants, calcium (Ca 2+) is needed for a variety of functions
both under normal and stressful situations. It displays characteristics of a structural …