Introduction: Smoking remains a worldwide epidemic, and despite an increase in public
acceptance of the harms of tobacco use, it remains the leading cause of preventable death …

This review focuses on the current status and future directions of pharmacogenetics
research into responses to treatments for nicotine dependence and smoking cessation …

Many smokers attempt to quit smoking but few are successful in the long term. The
heritability of nicotine addiction and smoking relapse have been documented, and research …

Recent research strongly suggests that a specific genetic background influences
smokingbehavior. Twin-and adoption-studies have demonstrated that genetic factors …

Cigarette smoking is highly addictive and modern genetic research has identified robust
genetic influences on nicotine dependence. An important step in translating these genetic …

Current smoking cessation treatments are not optimal as the long-term abstinence rates are
low. Nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion are the only pharmacotherapies widely …

Smoking cessation treatment outcomes may be heavily influenced by genetic variations
among smokers. Therefore, identifying specific variants that affect response to different …

Smoking is a complex behavior influenced by environmental and genetic factors. A number
of twin studies demonstrate genetic influences on multiple aspects of smoking including …

Worldwide, approximately one billion people smoke cigarettes. Cigarette smoking persists in
part because long-term smoking cessation rates are modest on existing treatments. Smoking …

This article reviews evidence supporting the potential utility of a pharmacogenetic approach
to the treatment of nicotine dependence. There is substantial evidence that nicotine …