Purpose: This study investigates the hypothesis that younger speakers and speakers with
more severe speech sound disorders are more likely to use simpler (undifferentiated) …

Speech sound disorders can pose a challenge to communication in children that may persist
into adulthood. As some speech sounds are known to require differential control of anterior …

Purpose Generalizations can be made about the order in which speech sounds are added
to a child's phonemic inventory and the ways that child speech deviates from adult targets in …

Abstract Children with Speech Sound Disorders (SSD) have been described as having
increased tongue shape variability during speech. However, most studies do not compare …

Quantification of tongue shape is potentially useful for indexing articulatory strategies arising
from intervention, therapy and development. Tongue shape complexity is a parameter that …

Objectives Ultrasound research on speech production in normal speakers has long used
quantitative measurements in different languages. However, no studies in this area have …

This study reported adult scores on two measures of tongue shape, based on midsagittal
tongue shape data from ultrasound imaging. One of the measures quantified the extent of …

Purpose In this study, the authors compared coarticulation and lingual kinematics in
preadolescents and adults in order to establish whether preadolescents had a greater …

Purpose Children with speech errors who have reduced motor skill may be more likely to
develop residual errors associated with lifelong challenges. Drawing on models of speech …

Purpose: this study used the ultrasonography of the tongue movements and the dynamic
models of speech production to characterize the articulatory gestures of in the production …