Cytosine base editors (CBEs) are larger and can suffer from higher off-target activity or lower
on-target editing efficiency than current adenine base editors (ABEs). To develop a CBE that …

Adenine base editors (ABEs) catalyze specific A-to-G conversions at genomic sites of
interest. However, ABEs also induce cytosine deamination at the target site. To reduce the …

Adenine base editors (ABEs) are precise gene-editing agents that convert A: T pairs into G:
C through a deoxyinosine intermediate. Existing ABEs function most effectively when the …

TadA-derived cytosine base editors (TadCBEs) enable programmable C• G-to-T• A editing
while retaining the small size, high on-target activity, and low off-target activity of TadA …

Applications of adenine base editors (ABEs) have been constrained by the limited
compatibility of the deoxyadenosine deaminase component with Cas homologs other than …

DNA base editors use deaminases fused to a programmable DNA-binding protein for
targeted nucleotide conversion. However, the most widely used TadA deaminases lack post …

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable programmable genomic C· G-to-T· A transition
mutations and typically comprise a modified CRISPR–Cas enzyme, a naturally occurring …

We describe base editors that combine both cytosine and adenine base-editing functions. A
codon-optimized fusion of the cytosine deaminase PmCDA1, the adenosine deaminase …

The all-protein cytosine base editor DdCBE uses TALE proteins and a double-stranded DNA-
specific cytidine deaminase (DddA) to mediate targeted C• G-to-T• A editing. To improve …

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) efficiently generate precise C· G-to-T· A base conversions, but
the activation-induced cytidine deaminase/apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic …