Although it varies with age and geographical distribution, the global burden of infection with
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains considerable. The elderly, and …

By the year 1800, 200 years ago, the smallpox vaccine had established the principle of
preventing serious disease by active immunization. In the 1940s, these whole‐cell vaccines …

Six years have elapsed since a polyvalent vaccine of pneumococcal capsular
polysaccharides was licensed in the United States for the second time in three decades1; …

During the early 1900s, pneumococcal pneumonia was a much feared disease with a high
mortality rate. The advent of effec-tive antibiotics provided a new means to treat thedisease …

Streptococcus pneumoniae prevails as the most common pathogen of community-acquired
pneumonia. In bacteremic disease, case fatality rates average 20% and they approach 40 …

Pneumococcal vaccine was first licensed in the United States in 1977. During the next two
decades more than 30 million doses of this vaccine were distributed throughout the country …

In 1945, following more than 50 years of work to develop a vaccine against Streptococcus
pneumoniae, MacLeod et al. reported the successful use of a tetravalent vaccine to prevent …

An etiologic classification of acute pneumonia was presented and the relative importance of
some of the causative agents was briefly reviewed. The early developments of the therapy of …