Humans negatively influence Earth ecosystems and biodiversity causing global warming,
climate change as well as man-made pollution. Recently, the number of different stress …

Global warming, climate change, and environmental pollution present plants with unique
combinations of different abiotic and biotic stresses. Although much is known about how …

Plants encounter several biotic and abiotic stresses, usually in combination. This results in
major economic losses in agriculture and forestry every year. Climate change aggravates …

Human activity is causing a global change in plant environment that includes a significant
increase in the number and intensity of different stress factors. These include combinations …

Under natural conditions, the defense responses of plants exposed to combined abiotic and
biotic stress factors, which can randomly interact with each other, are in many aspects …

The challenges of abiotic stress on plant growth and development are evident among the
emerging ecological impacts of climate change (Bellard et al., 2012), and the constraints to …

Being sessile organisms, plants are constantly exposed to various kinds of environmental
stimuli. To survive under unfavorable environmental conditions they have evolved strategies …

Global climate change is identified as a major threat to survival of natural ecosystems.
Climate change is a dynamic, multifaceted system of alterations in environmental conditions …

Plants exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stressors including environmental pollution
and global warming pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite …

As sessile organisms, plants are constantly challenged by a dynamic growing environment.
This includes fluctuations in temperature, water availability, light levels, and changes in …