The objective of this study was to determine the effect of protective body armor on a police
officer's risk of being killed and estimate the benefits and costs of outfitting police with body …

Abstract Before 1979 the California Department of Corrections' Parole Division prohibited
arming officers except in rare instances of verifiable danger. This policy changed after a …

A significant gap exists in the literature concerning African American law enforcement
executives (AALEEs). Additionally, there is no existing literature concerning AALEEs' …

ISSUE BRIEF #37 Page 1 The Public Health Crisis of Law Enforcement’s Over-Use of Force
Mary E. Helander and Austin McNeill Brown George Floyd’s death following 8 minutes and 48 …

The race of the shooting victim is not a controlling factor in a patrol officer's decision to shoot.
Study data came from questionnaries completed by 151 police officers in 2 municipal police …

Uses statistics from FBI annual reports (1985‐1992) to compare felonious killings, analyzing
and comparing with data for deaths of non‐state police officers. Finds that state police …

Objective To understand the circumstances surrounding the occupational homicides of law
enforcement officers (LEOs) in the USA. Methods Narrative text analysis of Federal Bureau …

The policing profession has recently experienced events that affected officers across the
nation. Several high-profile cases involving police and members of minority communities …

In the mid-19th century, police offi cers in New York and Boston relied on less-lethal
weapons, mostly wooden clubs. By the late 1800s, police departments began issuing …

An examination of the effects of social forces on the police, psychological characteristics of
individual officers, and the problems of management and control reveals the complex world …