Background: Many methods under the umbrella of inter-rater agreement (IRA) have been
proposed to evaluate how well two or more medical experts agree on a set of outcomes. The …

Disagreements over clinical findings, diagnoses and management decisions are
unavoidable in medicine. It is, however, necessary to ascertain whether they …

Chance corrected agreement coefficients such as the Cohen and Fleiss Kappas are
commonly used for the measurement of consistency in the decisions made by clinical …

I provide sample size formulae and tables for the design of studies that compare two or more
coefficients of inter‐observer agreement or concordance. Such studies may arise, for …

For comparing the validity of rating methods, the adjusted κ (S coefficient) and Yule's Y index
are better than Cohen's κ which is affected by marginal probabilities. We consider a validity …

OBJECTIVE: The overall objective was to unfold the phenomenon of interrater agreement: to
identify potential sources of variation in agreement data and to explore how they can be …

Agreement between raters on a categorical scale is not only a subject of scientific research
but also a problem frequently encountered in practice. Whenever a new scale is developed …

Background In inter-rater agreement studies, the assessment behaviour of raters can be
influenced by their experience, training levels, the degree of willingness to take risks, and …

Background In an inter-rater agreement study, if two raters tend to rate considering different
aspects of the subject of interest or have different experience levels, a grey zone occurs …

Everyone agrees there are problems with currently available agreement coefficients.
Cohen's weighted Kappa does not extend to multiple raters, and does not adjust for both …