Objective Results of reliability and agreement studies are intended to provide information
about the amount of error inherent in any diagnosis, score, or measurement. The level of …

Agreement studies are often concerned with assessing whether different observers for
measuring responses on the same subject or sample can produce similar results. The …

Abstract Background: Inter-rater Reliability (IRR) measures the reliability of raters. The
number of raters, the type of variable evaluated, and some other constraints have a direct …

Agreement measures are used frequently in reliability studies that involve categorical data.
Simple measures like observed agreement and specific agreement can reveal a good deal …

Items such as physical exam findings, radiographic interpretations, or other diagnostic tests
often rely on some degree of subjective interpretation by observers. Studies that measure …

In clinical research, comparison of one measurement technique with another is often
needed to see whether they agree sufficiently for the new to replace the old. Such …

Recently, the data analysts pay more attention to the assessment of rater agreement,
especially in areas of medical sciences. In this context, the statistical indices such as kappa …

A new coefficient for assessing agreement between two observers using a permutation‐
based method is introduced in this article. When observations are binary, this coefficient …

Significance tests for the measure of raw agreement are proposed. First, it is shown that the
measure of raw agreement can be expressed as a proportionate reduction-in-error measure …

We develop a statistical model for method comparison studies where a gold standard is
present and propose a measure of agreement. This measure can be interpreted as a …