Large flows of nitrogen between the atmosphere, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
contribute to the global cycle on Earth. When balanced, this cycle ensures that life at every …

Nitrogen is the major nutrient limiting plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems, and the
transformation of inert nitrogen to forms that can be assimilated by plants is mediated by soil …

Nitrogen is an essential element of life, and nitrogen availability often limits crop yields.
Since the Green Revolution, massive amounts of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers have been …

Plants uptake and assimilate nitrogen from the soil in the form of nitrate, ammonium ions,
and available amino acids from organic sources. Plant nitrate and ammonium transporters …

Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant productivity, thus, it is abundantly applied to
the soil in the form of organic or chemical fertilizers that have negative impacts on the …

Highlights•Nodulation of legumes is encoded by at least three genetic rhizobial
strategies.•The 'nod'strategy has been the most successful evolutionarily.•Evolution of nod …

The use of nitrogen (N) in fertilizer has doubled the amount of reactive N in the biosphere,
leading to increased greenhouse‐gas emissions and nutrient enrichment in aquatic and …

Agricultural practices contribute to climate change by releasing greenhouse gases such as
nitrous oxide that are mainly derived from nitrogen fertilizers. Therefore, understanding …

Plants form diverse symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to gain access to ammonium, a
product of the prokaryote-exclusive enzyme nitrogenase. Improving the symbiotic …

Some beneficial plant-interacting bacteria can biologically fix N2 to plant-available
ammonium. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is an important source of nitrogen (N) input in …