Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a broad range of disorders which are characterized by long-
term inflammation and tissue damage arising from an immune response against one's own …

Background: Observational epidemiology has been instrumental in identifying modifiable
causes of common diseases, and, in turn, substantially impacting public health. Spurious …

Psoriasis (PSO) and psoriatic arthritis (PSA) are inflammatory diseases with complex genetic
and environmental contributions. Although studies have identified environmental and …

Background Epidemiological studies have reported an association between amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS) and different autoimmune disorders. This study aims to explore the …

Establishing causality of risk factors is important to determine the pathogenetic mechanisms
underlying rheumatic diseases, and can facilitate the design of interventions to improve care …

Background Dyslipidemia is often observed in rheumatic diseases, such as ankylosing
spondylitis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet it …

The methodology and application of Mendelian randomization to study causal mechanisms
in health and disease has developed dramatically over the past decade. New methods …

Aim This study aimed to investigate the causal impact of inflammatory cytokines on Sjogren's
Syndrome (SS) and to identify potential biomarkers for SS clinical management using …

The inference of causality from observational evidence may be problematic, as
observational studies frequently include confounding factors or reverse causation for the …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial chronic autoimmune disease, which involves a
complex interplay of environmental triggers and genetic components in its etiology. It has …