This study examined high school students' knowledge about constructs in the BASIC
programming language. A screening test was administered to ninety-six students, fifty-six of …

This paper formulates a theory that investigates the possible effects of two human cognitive
characteristics, on the difficulties of learning specific programming languages. The two …

In a series of two experiments, computer-naive students learned the BASIC computer
programming language either by solving and receiving feedback on program …

The creation of plan schemas is examined in a naturalistic, longitudinal study of problem
solving. Ten novice programmers each wrote eight Pascal programs to solve a series of …

Abstract Experts differ from non-experts in how they acquire knowledge, solve problems and
process information. In the study reported here three levels of program organization …

Programmers are frequently tasked with modifying, enhancing, and extending applications.
To perform these tasks, programmers must understand existing code by forming mental …

Comprehending computer programs is one of the core software engineering activities.
Software comprehension is required when a programmer maintains, reuses, migrates …

Learning and transfer of procedural skills was measured as a function of conceptual
understanding (subjects' mental models) induced by conceptual models in the form of …

Computer programming and other design tasks have often been characterized as a set of
non-interacting subtasks. In principle, it may be possible to separate these subtasks, but in …

We suggest that expert programmers have and use two types of programming knowledge: 1)
programming plans, which are generic program fragments that represent stereotypic action …