During the past 40 years, cytokines and cytokine receptors have been extensively
investigated as either cancer targets or cancer treatments. A strong preclinical rationale …

Cytokines are key components of the immune system and play pivotal roles in anticancer
immune response. Cytokines as either therapeutic agents or targets hold clinical promise for …

Cytokines are molecular messengers that allow the cells of the immune system to
communicate with one another to generate a coordinated, robust, but self-limited response …

Cytokines are soluble proteins that mediate cell-to-cell communication. Based on the
discovery of the potent anti-tumour activities of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in animal …

The mixture of cytokines that is produced in the tumour microenvironment has an important
role in cancer pathogenesis. Cytokines that are released in response to infection …

Chemokines are a large family of small chemotactic cytokines that coordinates immune cell
trafficking. In cancer, they have a pivotal role in the migration pattern of immune cells into the …

Immune checkpoint inhibition and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy have
demonstrated stunning clinical efficacy in many cancer types. However, most patients do not …

Simple Summary Cytokines are important molecular players in cancer development,
progression, and potential targets for treatment. Despite being small and overlooked …

Chemokine gradients are central to the movement of cells in both homeostatic and
pathological processes. Most cancers express a complex array of chemokines that influence …

The concept that the immune system recognizes and controls cancer was first postulated
over a century ago, and cancer immunity has continued to be vigorously debated and …