During the last two decades, a number of approaches for the activation of the immune
system against cancer has been developed. These include highly specific interventions …

Most studies focus on the first and second signals of T cell activation. However, the roles of
cytokines in immunotherapy are not fully understood, and cytokines have not been widely …

Cytokines are major regulators of innate and adaptive immunity that enable cells of the
immune system to communicate over short distances. Cytokine therapy to activate the …

A new paradigm is becoming widely accepted, that chronic inflammation, driven in part by
chemokines and cytokines at the site of a tumour, may facilitate tumour progression instead …

The tumour microenvironment is the primary location in which tumour cells and the host
immune system interact. Different immune cell subsets are recruited into the tumour …

The response of the body to cancer is not a unique mechanism and has many parallels with
inflammation and wound healing. Unresolved inflammation generates a microenvironment …

During the past two decades, the paradigm for cancer treatment has evolved from relatively
nonspecific cytotoxic agents to selective, mechanism-based therapeutics. Cancer …

In-depth knowledge of cancer molecular and cellular mechanisms have revealed a strong
regulation of cancer development and progression by the inflammation which orchestrates …

Efforts over nearly four decades have focused on ways to use cytokines to manipulate the
host immune response towards cancer cell recognition and eradication. Significant …

Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving field of research. Cytokines have been
conceptualized as an anticancer therapy for longer than most other cancer immunotherapy …