Objective Animal models have shown a quantal slowing of respiratory pattern when
exposed to opioid agonist, in a pattern similar to that observed in central sleep apnea. We …

Objective. To assess the relation between medications prescribed for chronic pain and sleep
apnea. Design. An observational study of chronic pain patients on opioid therapy who …

Background: Chronic opioid therapy for pain management has increased dramatically
without adequate study of potential deleterious effects on breathing during sleep. Methods …

Opioids are widely prescribed for pain management, and it is estimated that 40% of adults in
the United States use prescription opioids every year. Opioid misuse leads to high mortality …

The use of opioids has been associated with development of sleep-disordered breathing,
including central apneas, nocturnal oxygen desaturations, and abnormal breathing patterns …

Introduction Subjects on methadone maintenance for drug addiction have been reported to
have central sleep apnea (CSA). However, there are few reports of disordered breathing in …

Objectives Three cases are presented in which patients were using opioids as required for
nonmalignant pain management and significant central sleep apnea developed. Patients in …

Background The risk of death is elevated in patients taking opioids for chronic non-cancer
pain. Respiratory depression is the main cause of death due to opioids and sleep apnoea is …

There is a complex relationship among opioids, sleep and daytime function. Patients and
medical providers should be aware that chronic opioid therapy can alter sleep architecture …

Three patients are described who illustrate distinctive patterns of sleep-disordered breathing
that we have observed in patients who are receiving long-term, sustained-release opioid …