Nature has achieved materials with properties and mechanisms that go far beyond the
current know-how of the engineering-materials industry. The remarkable efficiency of …

Materials in nature have fascinating properties that serve as a continuous source of
inspiration for materials scientists. Accordingly, bio-mimetic and bio-inspired approaches …

The evolution of life has given rise to innumerable biomaterials with high levels of functional
sophistication and performance among many thousands of different environments. The …

Biomaterials have dramatically increased in functionality and complexity, allowing
unprecedented control over the cells that interact with them. From these engineering …

Over a period that spans as long as Earth existence, various macroscopic and microscopic
organisms existed and exhibited fascinating multifunctionalities derived from their …

Animate materials, man-made materials behaving like living systems, are attracting
enormous interest across a range of sectors, from construction and transport industry to …

Bio-inspired material systems are derived from different living organisms such as plants,
arthropods, mammals and marine organisms. These biomaterial systems from nature are …

Nature has long served as a source of inspiration for humans in developing technology. In
the last few decades there has been an explosion of studies revealing new and ever more …

Biomaterials made by living systems, while very diverse, generally share similar
organization: different lineages of cells are precisely patterned within a matrix to create a …

Recent advances in synthetic biology and materials science have given rise to a new form of
materials, namely engineered living materials (ELMs), which are composed of living matter …