Regulatory mechanisms for chromosomal genes encoding multidrug resistance (MDR)
efflux pumps (EPs) in Staphylococcus aureus are poorly defined. Microbiological …

Increased expression of multidrug resistance efflux pump (MDR-EP) genes in clinical
isolates of Staphylococcus aureus occurs frequently, but its temporal and geographic …

Increased expression of genes encoding multidrug resistance efflux pumps (MDR-EPs)
contributes to antimicrobial agent and biocide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus …

Overexpression of efflux pump genes conferring multidrug resistance (MDR) in
Staphylococcus aureus results in reduced susceptibility to select biocides, dyes and …

Objectives: Multidrug efflux is a resistance mechanism that simultaneously affects
susceptibility to many structurally unrelated compounds. The regulation of norA expression …

Background One of the mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to ciprofloxacin is
the presence of efflux pumps. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and …

Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) across the world often leave
clinicians with little or no choice of treatment options. The multi-drug efflux (MDE) genes are …

S. aureus possesses a large complement of genes encoding putative drug and toxin efflux
pumps, the majority of which reside on the chromosome and remain uncharacterized. The …

Biocides and dyes are commonly employed in hospital and laboratory settings. Many of
these agents are substrates for multiple-drug resistance (MDR)-conferring efflux pumps of …

Background Efflux of antibiotics is an effective resistance mechanism among antibiotic-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This systematic review aims to evaluate the frequency and …