The EAT-Lancet commission recently suggested that transformation to healthy diets by 2050
will require a reduction of at least 50% in consumption of foods such as red meat and sugar …

This report on vitamin B-12 (B12) is part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development
(BOND) Project, which provides state-of-the art information and advice on the selection, use …

Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that is not made by plants; consequently, unfortified
plant-based foods are not a reliable supply. Recent estimates suggest high rates of vitamin …

Cobalamin is an essential molecule for humans. It acts as a cofactor in one-carbon transfers
through methylation and molecular rearrangement. These functions take place in fatty acid …

Objective To systematically review the evidence for whether habitual or different levels of
experimental intake of vitamin B12 from diet and supplements is sufficient to ensure …

Vitamin B12 is synthesized exclusively by microorganisms; therefore, humans must absorb it
from food. Excellent sources of B12 are foods of ruminant origin, so dairy and meat products …

The biosynthesis of B 12, involving up to 30 different enzyme-mediated steps, only occurs in
bacteria. Thus, most eukaryotes require an external source of B 12, and yet the vitamin …

Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and for cellular energy production. This review
aims to outline the metabolism of vitamin B12, and to evaluate the causes and …

Vegetarians are at risk for vitamin B 12 (B 12) deficiency due to suboptimal intake. The goal
of the present literature review was to assess the rate of B 12 depletion and deficiency …

Background: Studies have questioned whether the current Recommended Dietary
Allowance (RDA) of 2.4 μg vitamin B-12/d is adequate. Objective: We examined the …