Developmental vitamin D (DVD)-deficiency is an epidemiologically established risk factor for
autism. Emerging studies also highlight the involvement of gut microbiome/gut physiology in …

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during early life emerges as a potential risk factor for autism
spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with autism commonly exhibit lower vitamin D (VD) …

Emerging evidence suggests that gestational or developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency
is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a …

Vitamin D is a neurosteroid hormone crucially involved in neurodevelopment. Neural cell
proliferation, neurotransmission, oxidative stress and immune function represent the main …

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder
characterized by social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder with heterogeneous
etiology. Vitamin D can function as a fat-soluble vitamin as well as a hormone, and can exert …

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders
commonly characterised by verbal and non-verbal communication deficits, impaired social …

Objectives Inappropriate vitamin supply is a public health problem and is related to
abnormalities in brain development, immune response and, more recently, in changes of gut …

Low vitamin D status in early development has been hypothesised as an environmental risk
factor for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), given the concurrent increase in the prevalence …

The gut microbiome regulates a relationship with the brain known as the gut–microbiota–
brain (GMB) axis. This interaction is influenced by immune cells, microbial metabolites and …