During stress, bacteria undergo extensive physiological transformations, many of which are
coordinated by ppGpp. Although ppGpp is best known for enhancing cellular resilience by …

Highlights•(p) ppGpp metabolic enzymes sense diverse stresses.•(p) ppGpp regulates
transcription initiation by targeting RNAP or GTP levels.•(p) ppGpp controls replication …

Understanding how bacteria coordinate gene expression with biomass growth to adapt to
various stress conditions remains a grand challenge in biology. Stress response is often …

The global regulatory nucleotide ppGpp (" magic spot") regulates transcription from a large
subset of Escherichia coli promoters, illustrating how small molecules can control gene …

When bacteria experience growth-limiting environmental conditions, the synthesis of the
hyperphosphorylated guanosine derivatives (p) ppGpp is induced by enzymes of the …

The stringent response is a stress signalling system mediated by the alarmones guanosine
tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp) in response to nutrient …

The nucleotide messenger (p) ppGpp allows bacteria to adapt to fluctuating environments by
reprogramming the transcriptome. Despite its well-recognized role in gene regulation,(p) …

The small nucleotides pppGpp and ppGpp (or (p) ppGpp) are rapidly synthesized in
response to nutritional stress. In Escherichia coli, the enzymes RelA and SpoT are triggered …

The second messenger nucleotide ppGpp dramatically alters gene expression in bacteria to
adjust cellular metabolism to nutrient availability. ppGpp binds to two sites on RNA …

The small nucleotide ppGpp acts as a global regulator of gene expression in bacteria.
Proteomic analysis of cells lacking ppGpp has shown that this nucleotide might affect many …