Since the discovery of ice ages in the 19th century, a central question of climate science has
been to understand the respective role of the astronomical forcing and of greenhouse gases …

The timing of ice ages over the past∼ 2,600 thousand years (kyr) follows pacing by cyclical
changes in three aspects of Earth's orbit that influence the solar energy received as a …

The middle Miocene climate transition∼ 14 Ma marks a fundamental step towards the
current “ice-house” climate, with a∼ 1‰ δ18O increase and a∼ 1‰ transient δ13C rise in …

Documenting the past coevolution of Earth temperatures and of the carbon cycle is of
paramount importance for our understanding of climate dynamics. Atmospheric CO2 is well …

The high‐frequency (periods of~ 105 years) relationship between carbon and oxygen
isotopes in benthic foraminifera—the two proxies most extensively used to reconstruct past …

Milankovitch's astronomical theory of glacial cycles, attributing ice age climate oscillations to
orbital changes in Northern-Hemisphere insolation, is challenged by the paleoclimatic …

Various hypotheses were proposed within recent years for the interpretation of the Mid
Pleistocene Transition (MPT), which occurred during past 2 000 000 years (2 Myr). We here …

The mechanisms that controlled past atmospheric CO2 levels are not directly measurable,
hence many proxy data sources are combined when reconstructing past carbon cycling. The …

The high-resolution CO 2 record from Law Dome ice core reveals that atmospheric CO 2
concentration stalled during the 1940s (so-called CO 2 plateau). Since the fossil-fuel …

The fluctuations of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations over the preindustrial Common Era are
generally attributed to changes in land carbon storage, caused primarily by changes in …