After viral infection, naive CD8+ T cells become activated and either differentiate into effector
cells, which eliminate virus-infected cells, or convert to memory-type T cells, awaiting re …

Many vaccination strategies and immune cell therapies aim at increasing the numbers of
memory T cells reactive to protective antigens. However, the differentiation lineage and …

CD8+ T cells play a critical role in adaptive immunity, differentiating into CD8+ memory T
cells that form the basis of protective cellular immunity. Vaccine efficacy is attributed to long …

Understanding the regulation of the CD8+ T-cell response and how protective memory cells
are generated has been intensely studied. It is now appreciated that a naive CD8+ T cell …

Virus-specific memory T cell populations demonstrate plasticity in antigen recognition and in
their ability to accommodate new memory T cell populations. The degeneracy of T cell …

The rapid effector functions and tissue heterogeneity of memory T cells facilitate protective
immunity, but they can also promote immunopathology in antiviral immunity, autoimmunity …

Whether memory T lymphocytes are derived directly from effector T cells or via a separately
controlled pathway has long been debated. Here we present evidence that, after adoptive …

Memory CD8 T cells acquire effector memory cell properties after reinfection and may reach
terminally differentiated, senescent states (“Hayflick limit”) after multiple infections. The …

Long-term T cell-mediated protection depends upon the formation of a pool of memory cells
to protect against future pathogen challenge. In this review we argue that looking at T cell …

CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play central roles in immunity in health and disease. While much is
known about the effector function of Th cells in combating pathogens and promoting …