High-resolution paleoclimatology is the study of climate variability and change on
interannual to multi-century time scales. Its primary focus is the past few millennia, a period …

Modes of climate variability affect global and regional climates on different spatio-temporal
scales, and they have important impacts on human activities and ecosystems. As these …

The field of paleoclimatology relies on physical, chemical, and biological proxies of past
climate changes that have been preserved in natural archives such as glacial ice, tree rings …

The high‐resolution reconstruction of hemispheric‐scale temperature variation over the past‐
millennium benchmarks recent warming against more naturally driven climate episodes …

Paleoclimatic data provide our only real estimates of past climatic variability on the decadal-
to-century timescale for the last few millenia. Here we consider, through analyses of the …

Reconstructing a climate process in both space and time from incomplete instrumental and
climate proxy time series is a problem with clear societal relevance that poses both scientific …

A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into
the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of …

Our understanding of natural climate variability rapidly declines over the Common Era (CE)
as the pre-instrumental temperature amplitude differs substantially among large-scale …

Reconstructions of climate in pre-instrumental times are a cornerstone of earth-system
science that relies critically on statistical relationships between meteorological observations …

The last few decades have seen extraordinary progress in the reconstruction of past
climates using natural and human archives (Jones et al., 2009; Wanner et al., 2008). At the …