Recent studies have shown the significance of metabolic reprogramming in immune and
stromal cell function. Yet, the metabolic reconfiguration of RA macrophages (MΦs) is …

M1 and M2 macrophages are the key players in innate immunity, and are associated with
tissue homeostasis and diseases. Although M2 macrophages are known to depend on fatty …

This study evaluated the effect of phosphorylated glucosamine (pGlc) on the regulation of
cytokines involved in immunological activities. Changes in the inflammatory profiles of …

Background and Purpose The gallnut of R hus chinensis MILL and its main constituent
penta‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucose (PGG) inhibited NF‐κB activation in LPS‐stimulated …

Objective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase critically
involved in the regulation of cellular energy homeostasis. It is a central regulator of both lipid …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic osteoarthropathy characterized by the progressive
degeneration of articular cartilage and synovial inflammation. Early OA clinical treatments …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease involving the whole joint that seriously reduces the living
standards of individuals. Traditional treatments include physical therapy, administration of …

Recently, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has being identified as an ubiquitous serine–
threonine protein kinase that participates in a multitude of cellular processes and plays an …

Abstract Objective Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous membrane components that
modulate transmembrane signaling and mediate cell‐to‐cell and cell‐to‐matrix interactions …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disease that is consistently difficult to treat due to the
complexity of the regulatory network involved in OA pathogenesis, especially in terms of …