Trained immunity is a form of innate immune memory best described in mice and humans.
Clear evidence of the evolutionary conservation of trained immunity in teleost fish is lacking …

Vaccination is the most effective strategy to control infectious diseases in species with
adaptive immunity. In human and in mouse, vaccination typically induces specific memory …

Immunological memory can be regarded as the key aspect of adaptive immunity, ie a
specific response to first contact with an antigen, which in mammals is determined by the …

Cells from the myeloid lineage are pluripotent. To investigate the potential of myeloid cell
polarization in a primitive vertebrate species, we phenotypically and functionally …

Macrophages play important roles in conditions ranging from host immune defense to tissue
regeneration and polarize their functional phenotype accordingly. Next to differences in the …

In this review, we focus on four different activation states of fish macrophages. In vitro,
stimulation with microbial ligands induces the development of innate activated macrophages …

The lack of cell lines from mononuclear phagocytes of salmonid fish has impeded the study
of immune function at a cellular level in these economically and ecologically important …

The study of innate immunity has become increasingly popular since the discovery of
homologs of many of the innate immune system components and pathways in lower …

The possibility of immunological memory in invertebrates is a topic that has recently
attracted a lot of attention. Today, even vertebrates are known to exhibit innate immune …

Two fundamental features characterize adaptive immunity: specific antigen recognition and
immunological memory development. Thus, B and T cells form the adaptive immune system …