Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Developments in the understanding of COPD have led to standard guidelines for …

Background The bronchodilator response to short-acting β 2-agonist and short-acting
muscarinic antagonist monotherapies varies on a day-to-day basis within individual patients …

This review summarizes the long-term clinical outcomes associated with β-agonist and
anticholinergic bronchodilator use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

The well-established overlap between COPD and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) suggests
that there is a strong need for COPD and CVD to be considered in an integrated way, 1 …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. It is well established that patients with mild to moderate disease represent the …

COPD is a preventable and treatable disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not
fully reversible. The diagnosis of COPD is based on spirometric evidence of airways …

Bronchodilators form one of the mainstays of therapy in patients with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). Aggressive use of these agents can often improve lung function …

Beta-blockers (β-blockers) reduce morbidity and mortality in many disease states, but had
been considered contraindicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), due to …

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To
assess the efficacy and safety of treatment options for patients whose chronic obstructive …

The long-acting inhaled bronchodilators available for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) vary in their pharmacological class (β 2-adrenergic agonist or …