Theories of phenotypic integration have relied heavily on the concept of modularity in order
to model the ways in which traits in an organism correlate and covary. Recent investigations …

Patterns of morphological integration follow patterns of developmental and functional
relationship among traits. However, the genetic architecture underlying morphological …

We review genetic correlations among quantitative traits in light of their underlying
quantitative trait loci (QTL). We derive an expectation of genetic correlation from the effects …

The evolution of morphological modularity through the sequestration of pleiotropy to sets of
functionally and developmentally related traits requires genetic variation in the relationships …

The different forms of morphological integration, developmental, functional, genetic, and
evolutionary are defined and their theoretical relationships explored. Quantitative genetic …

Genetic population differentiation is typically viewed as differentiation of population means.
However, several theories of evolution and speciation postulate that populations …

Over the past few years great progress has been made in detecting and mapping genes of
major effect, including the genes responsible for cystic fibrosis. Huntington's chorea, and …

Perspectives on the role of large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the evolution of
complex traits have shifted back and forth over the past few decades. Different sets of …

The mammalian mandible is a developmentally modular but functionally integrated system.
Whether morphological integration can evolve to match the optimal pattern of functional …

Various theories about the evolution of complex characters make predictions about the
statistical distribution of genetic effects on phenotypic characters, also called the genotype …