The discovery of potent inhibitors of the BRAF proto-oncogene has revolutionized therapy
for melanoma harboring mutations in BRAF, yet NRAS-mutant melanoma remains without …

Aberrant function of cell cycle regulators results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, making
them attractive therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Indeed, survival of many cancers …

Oncogenic mutations in KRAS or BRAF are frequent in colorectal cancer and activate the
ERK kinase. Here, we find graded ERK phosphorylation correlating with cell differentiation …

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is frequently dysregulated
in a variety of human malignancies. As a result, agents have been developed to selectively …

Autophagy is of increasing interest as a target for cancer therapy. We find that leucine
deprivation causes the caspase-dependent apoptotic death of melanoma cells because it …

Macroautophagy (autophagy hereafter) recycles intracellular components to sustain
mitochondrial metabolism that promotes the growth, stress tolerance, and malignancy of …

RAF kinase inhibitors have substantial therapeutic effects in patients with BRAF-mutant
melanoma. However, only rarely do tumors regress completely, and the therapeutic effects …

The principles that govern the evolution of tumors exposed to targeted therapy are poorly
understood. Here we modeled the selection and propagation of an amplification in the BRAF …

Autophagy is a mechanism by which starving cells can control their energy requirements
and metabolic states, thus facilitating the survival of cells in stressful environments, in …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is essential for intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc min/+ mice,
but the mechanisms by which Apc enhances tumor growth are unknown. Here we show that …