Unisexuality in flowering plants evolved from a hermaphrodite ancestor. Transition from
hermaphrodite to unisexual flowers has occurred multiple times across the different lineages …

Sex determination is an intriguing system in trioecious papaya. Over the past seven decades
various hypotheses, based on the knowledge and information available at the time, have …

Highlights•Sex determination is a major switch in the evolutionary history of
angiosperm.•Sex chromosomes reinforce dioecy and increase genetic …

Although most plants have flowers with both male and female sex organs, there are several
thousands of plant species where male or female flowers form on different individuals …

Morphological, genic and epigenetic differences often exist in separate sexes of dioecious
and trioecious plants. However, the connections and relationships among them in different …

Papaya (Carica papaya) is a trioecious plant species that has male, female and
hermaphrodite flowers on different plants. The primitive sex chromosomes genetically …

We have developed molecular markers tightly linked to Sex1, the gene that determines plant
sex in papaya (Carica papaya L.). Three RAPD products have been cloned and a portion of …

Sex chromosomes in flowering plants, in contrast to those in animals, evolved relatively
recently and only a few are heteromorphic. The homomorphic sex chromosomes of papaya …

Sex types of papaya are controlled by a pair of nascent sex chromosomes, but molecular
genetic mechanisms of sex determination and sex differentiation in papaya are still unclear …

The sex type of papaya (Carica papaya) is determined by the pair of sex chromosomes (XX,
female; XY, male; and XY h, hermaphrodite), in which there is a non-recombining genomic …