In vitro 3D culture systems provide promising tools for screening novel therapies and
understanding drug resistance mechanisms in cancer because they are adapted for high …

Excessive tumour growth results in a hypoxic environment around cancer cells, thus
inducing tumour angiogenesis, which refers to the generation of new blood vessels from pre …

Angiogenesis is an indispensable mechanism in physiological and pathological
development of tumors that requires an adequate blood supply. Therefore, understanding …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major cytokine in tumor biology affecting
tumor survival, aggressiveness and pro-angiogenetic activities. In addition, cellular stresses …

Introduction• History of tissue engineering• Physiological and structural aspects of 2D versus
3D culture in cancer research• State of the art of 3D culture systems in cancer research• New …

There is a growing interest in developing microphysiological systems that can be used to
model both normal and pathological human organs in vitro. This “organs-on-chips” …

Emerging evidence shows that endothelial cells are not only the building blocks of vascular
networks that enable oxygen and nutrient delivery throughout a tissue but also serve as a …

Tumor angiogenesis is controlled by the integrated action of physicochemical and biological
cues; however, the individual contributions of these cues are not well understood. We have …

Since most biological phenomena involve orchestration of multi ple cellular interactions, the
spatial cell distribution is one of the critical features for governing cell behaviors.[1] There …

Tractable human tissue-engineered 3D models of cancer that enable fine control of tumor
growth, metabolism, and reciprocal interactions between different cell types in the tumor …