The avian immune system operates on the same general principles as the mammalian
immune system. Antigenic stimulation initiates an immune response that involves cellular …

Positive relationships are commonly observed between the abundance of a species in a
locality and the frequency of its occurrence among localities on a larger scale. This pattern …

We studied the prevalence of the blood parasite Haemoproteus prognei (Hae matoprotozoa)
from 1986 to 1990 in a breeding colony of Purple Martins (Progne subis) in Maryland and in …

Trade-offs between immune function and other physiological and behavioural processes are
central in ecoimmunology, but one important problem is how to distinguish a reallocation of …

G rowing interest in the evo-lutionary ecology of hostparasite interactionslJ has~ Iplaced
parasites firmly in the centre of many fields that are of considerable interest to ecologists and …

Why do individuals have an imperfect immune system? Most studies suggest trade-offs
associated with immunity and metabolism, and neglect ecological factors, such as predation …

In addition to reproductive rates and generation times, local parasite adaptation is predicted
to be associated with relative host/parasite migration rates, parasite virulence and local …

The phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) skin test response, used to assess cell-mediated immunity,
is known to vary with many social and energetic factors, but the effects of age have received …

A trade–off between immunity and growth has repeatedly been suggested, mainly based on
laboratory and poultry science, but also from experiments where parasitism intensity was …

Knowledge about how parasites choose their hosts is scarce and incomplete. Recent work
has primarily focused on host health (ie immunocompetence) whereas ecological factors …