Many trigeminal [V] brainstem nociceptive neurons receive convergent inputs from afferents
supplying deep craniofacial sites [eg, temporomandibular joint [TMJ]; muscle] as well as …

We have previously shown that an increase in electromyographic (EMG) activity of digastric
(DIG) and masseter (MASS) muscles can be reflexly evoked by injection into the rat's …

There is evidence from preclinical models of chronic pain and human psychophysical
investigations to suggest that alterations in endogenous brainstem pain-modulation circuit …

Stimulation of small-diameter afferents supplying deep tissues has been shown to increase
the excitability of spinal cord neurones responding to cutaneous afferent inputs. This …

Craniofacial muscle pain is highly prevalent in temporomandibular disorders but is difficult to
treat. Enhanced understanding of neurobiology unique to craniofacial muscle pain should …

Inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region evokes pain and hyperalgesia as
well as causing persistent changes in the response properties of central trigeminal neurons …

A rat model has been developed to characterize the responses of brainstem trigeminal
neurons to orofacial deep and cutaneous tissue inflammation and hyperalgesia. Complete …

The newly published DC/TMD1 is an important mile-stone in the quest for evidenced-based
and specific criteria for TMD problems. It represents a manyyears-long achievement with …

Orofacial injury activates two distinct regions in the spinal trigeminal complex, the subnuclei
interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition zone and the laminated Vc, or medullary dorsal horn …

We have recently documented that bilateral increases in electromyographic (EMG) activity of
digastric (DIG) and masseter (MASS) muscles can be evoked by injection into the rat's …