Over the past few decades, free radicals, highly reactive and thereby destructive molecules,
are known increasingly for their importance to human health and disease. Many common …

Free radicals contain one or more unpaired electrons in their valence shell, thus making
them unstable, short-lived, and highly reactive species. Excessive generation of these free …

Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and
others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS, eg nitric oxide, NO) are
well recognised for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. ROS and …

Living cells continually generate free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the
respiratory chain during energetic metabolism. ROS can either be harmful or play important …

This chapter summarizes recent research on the biology of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
The chapter is focused on the bimodal actions of ROS, which can be summarized as both …

Oxidative stress is an increase in the reduction potential or a large decrease in the reducing
capacity of the cellular redox couples. A particularly destructive aspect of oxidative stress is …

Over the past 40 years, there has been a tremendous amount of research on the dual role of
free radicals as both toxic and beneficial species. Free radicals are produced as by-products …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a collective term used for oxygen-derived free radicals
(superoxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide) and non-radical oxygen derivatives of high …

collaborative effort to combine approaches and ideas from different experts working on
oxidative stress. The advent of oxidative hypothesis of pathogenesis led to a paradigm shift …