Manganese (Mn) is a transition metal that is essential for normal cell growth and
development, but is toxic at high concentrations. While Mn deficiency is uncommon in …

Manganese (Mn) is a required co-factor for many ubiquitous enzymes; however, chronic Mn
overexposure can cause manganism, a parkinsonian-like syndrome. Previous studies …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element required for many physiological functions. While it
is essential at physiological levels, excessive accumulation of Mn in the brain causes severe …

Background Excess accumulation of manganese (Mn) in the brain results in a neurological
syndrome with cognitive, psychiatric, and movement abnormalities. The highest …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal found in all tissues, and it is required for normal
amino acid, lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism. While Mn deficiency is extremely …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient, though exposure to high concentrations may result
in neurotoxicity characterized by alterations in dopamine neurobiology. To date, it remains …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral that is found at low levels in food, water, and the air.
Under certain high-dose exposure conditions, elevations in tissue manganese levels can …

Manganese is an important metal for human health, being absolutely necessary for
development, metabolism, and the antioxidant system. Nevertheless, excessive exposure or …

Manganese (Mn) is an environmental risk factor for neuronal dysfunction and
neurodegeneration of the basal ganglia and other brain regions. Aberrant brain Mn levels …

Manganese exposure produces Parkinson's-like neurologic symptoms, suggesting a
selective dysregulation of dopamine transmission. It is unknown, however, how manganese …