Manganese (Mn) is an abundant, naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust. It is most
frequently found in the form of oxides, carbonates, and silicates. 1 It is also one out of seven …

Understanding of the immediate mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is rapidly
evolving. We seek to provide a summary of recent findings in the field, with an emphasis to …

Introduction Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's
disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prion disease represent …

Manganese in excess is neurotoxic and causes a CNS disorder that resembles Parkinson's
disease (manganism). Manganese highly accumulates in astrocytes, which renders these …

The iatrogenic risks associated with excessive Mn administration in parenteral nutrition (PN)
patients are well documented. Hypermanganesemia and neurotoxicity are associated with …

Background Exposure to excess levels of the essential trace element manganese produces
cognitive, psychiatric, and motor abnormalities. The understanding of Mn neurotoxicology is …

Chronic exposure to the divalent heavy metals, such as iron, lead, manganese (Mn), and
chromium, has been linked to the development of severe, often irreversible neurological …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal and has important physiological functions for human
health. However, exposure to excess levels of Mn in occupational settings or from …

Manganism is a distinct medical condition from Parkinson's disease. Manganese exposure
scenarios in the last century generally have changed from the acute, high-level exposure …

Neurotoxicity due to excessive brain manganese (Mn) can occur due to environmental (air
pollution, soil, water) and/or metabolic aberrations (decreased biliary excretion). Manganese …