Slow sand filters (SSFs) have been widely used in the construction of water plants in rural
areas. It is necessary to find river sand of suitable particle size to improve SSF treatment of …

Bio-slow sand filters (BSSFs) are widely employed in rural drinking water treatment
ascribing to its economic applicability, easy operation and high efficiency. This study …

Due to the shortage of water resources in China, the state has implemented a series of
rainwater harvesting projects. The safety of water quality cannot be guaranteed due to the …

Schmutzdecke, the biofilm formed on the top of the sand bed in household slow sand filters
(HSSF) is a key factor for the filters' high efficiency in removing particles and microorganisms …

The demand for safe drinking water is constantly challenged by increasing biohazards. One
widely used solution is implementing indoor-operated slow sand filtration (SSF) as one of …

Biomass was assessed as a new approach for evaluating backwashed slow sand filters
(BSF). Slow sand filtration (SSF) is a simple technology for water treatment, where biological …

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of four household slow sand filter (HSSF) models
for the removal of microorganisms from river water throughout the development of their …

Two lab-scale slow sand filters (SSFs), packed with uncoated fine sand (SSF u) and iron-
coated fine sand (SSF co), were operated to study their efficiency in treating municipal …

Slow sand filtration (SSF) in drinking water production removes pathogenic microorganisms,
but detection limits and variable operational conditions complicate assessment of removal …

This study evaluated the impact of a 50% reduction of filter media depth in Household Slow
Sand Filters (HSSFs) on continuous flow to remove physicochemical and microbiological …