It is becoming increasingly evident that a plant–pathogen interaction may be compared to an
open warfare, whose major weapons are proteins synthesized by both organisms. These …

To suppress plant defense responses and favor the establishment of disease,
phytopathogenic bacteria have gained the ability to deliver effector molecules inside host …

Fungi and oomycetes that colonize living plant tissue form extensive interfaces with plant
cells in which the cytoplasm of the microorganism is closely aligned with the host cytoplasm …

Plant pathogens secrete proteins, known as effectors, that function in the apoplast or inside
plant cells to promote virulence. Effector recognition by cell-surface or cytosolic receptors …

Plants are under constant attack by a vast array of pathogens. To impede their attackers they
use both broad-spectrum and pathogen-specific defence mechanisms. The arms race …

Plant pathogens use effector proteins to promote host colonisation. The mode of action of
effectors from root‐invading pathogens, such as Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), is poorly …

Phytopathogenic bacteria suppress plant innate immunity and promote pathogenesis by
injecting proteins called type III effectors into plant cells using a type III protein secretion …

Plant pathogens establish infection by secretion of effector proteins that may be delivered
inside host cells to manipulate innate immunity. It is increasingly apparent that the ubiquitin …

Plant pathogenic bacteria use waves of type III effector proteins, delivered into the eukaryotic
host cell, to modulate the host cell for the pathogen's benefit. This is evidenced by the flood …

Long considered intractable organisms by fungal genetic research standards, the
oomycetes have recently moved to the centre stage of research on plant–microbe …